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EV charging, explained

How an electric vehicle and a charger agree on what to do, drawn from the standards: the circuits, the signals on the wire and the messages they exchange.

  • Control Pilot

    The ±12 V, 1 kHz signal on every AC plug: how one wire and a few resistors tell the charger what the car wants, and the car how much current it may draw.

    • IEC 61851-1
    • SAE J1772
    • IEC 62196-2
  • DC charging session

    One fast-charging session, five protocols: CCS with DIN 70121, ISO 15118-2 and ISO 15118-20, CHAdeMO and China's GB/T. Every message, signal and contactor, from plug-in to unplug.

    • DIN 70121
    • ISO 15118-2
    • ISO 15118-20
    • CHAdeMO
    • GB/T 27930
  • A charge, on film

    The DC session as a film in WebGL: every message flies down the cable between car and charger, the insulation test shimmers, contactors light up and power pours in. Switch protocols and watch it again.

    • DIN 70121
    • ISO 15118-2
    • ISO 15118-20
    • CHAdeMO
    • GB/T 27930
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